Polonnaruwa ancient city Sri Lanka, the second most ancient kingdom of Sri Lanka, was a thriving commercial and religious hub around 800 years ago. The city served as the base for kings who ruled the central plains, while merchants traded rare goods and devotees offered prayers in numerous temples. In recognition of its historical and cultural significance, Polonnaruwa was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1982.
This ancient city stands as a testament to the discipline, vision, and greatness of Sri Lanka’s medieval rulers. Polonnaruwa is also considered one of the best-planned archaeological sites in the country, with its ruins reflecting advanced urban planning and engineering. The city’s main attractions include impressive dagobas, temples, and other ruins that date back nearly a millennium.
One of the most famous highlights is Gal Vihara, a rock temple within the Parakramabahu Northern Monastery, featuring stunning stone-carved Buddha statues. Polonnaruwa became the capital under King Vijayabahu I (1017–1235 AD) and flourished as a self-sustained city, complete with a sophisticated irrigation system that supported agriculture and urban life.